GPL許可證全稱為GNU通用公共許可證(GNU General Public License),它是由自由軟件基金會(huì)(Free Software Foundation)發(fā)布的一種許可證,是自由軟件運(yùn)動(dòng)的核心組成部分。
GPL許可證的主要特點(diǎn)是強(qiáng)調(diào)代碼的開放性和共享性,保障用戶對(duì)于軟件的自由和知情權(quán)。在使用GPL許可證的軟件中,任何人都可以自由地使用、復(fù)制、分發(fā)和修改軟件,并且必須在任何派生作品中保留相同的許可證,即使是商業(yè)用途也不能例外。這意味著,任何修改后的代碼必須遵守相同的GPL許可證。
百度百科參考資料:https://baike.baidu.com/item/GNU通用公共許可證
本譯文僅供參考,并不具有法律效力,只有GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議英文原版才具有法律效力,本譯文旨在幫助不熟悉英語(yǔ)的用戶更好地理解,如有任何差異,請(qǐng)參閱英語(yǔ)原文:
GNU 通用公共許可證V1:https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-1.0.html
GNU 通用公共許可證V2:https://www.gnu.org/licenses/old-licenses/gpl-2.0.html
GNU 通用公共許可證V3:https://www.gnu.org/licenses/gpl-3.0.html
每個(gè)人都可以復(fù)制和分發(fā)此許可證文檔的逐字副本,但不允許對(duì)其進(jìn)行更改。
【引言】
GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議是一份面向軟件及其他類型作品的,自由的版權(quán)共產(chǎn)協(xié)議。
就多數(shù)軟件而言,許可協(xié)議被設(shè)計(jì)用于剝奪你分享和修改軟件的自由。相反,GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議力圖保障你分享和修改某程序全部版本的權(quán)利——確保自由軟件對(duì)其用戶來(lái)說(shuō)是自由的。我們自由軟件基金會(huì)將GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議用于我們的大多數(shù)軟件,并為一些其他作品的作者效仿。你也可以將本協(xié)議用于你的程序。
所謂自由軟件,強(qiáng)調(diào)自由,而非免費(fèi)。本GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議設(shè)計(jì)用于確保你享有分發(fā)自由軟件的自由(你可以為此服務(wù)收費(fèi)),確保你可以在需要的時(shí)候獲得這些軟件的源碼,確保你可以修改這些軟件或者在新的自由軟件中復(fù)用其中某些片段,并且確保你在這方面享有知情權(quán)。
為保障你的權(quán)益,我們需要作一些限定:禁止任何人否認(rèn)你的上述權(quán)利,或者要求你放棄它們。因此,當(dāng)你分發(fā)或修改這些軟件時(shí),你有一定的責(zé)任——尊重他人的自由。如果你分發(fā)這種程序的副本,無(wú)論收費(fèi)還是免費(fèi),你必須給予與你同等的權(quán)利。你還要確保他們也能收到源碼并了解他們的權(quán)利。
采用GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議的開發(fā)者通過兩步保障你的權(quán)益:其一,申明軟件的版權(quán);其二,通過本協(xié)議使你可以合法地復(fù)制、分發(fā)和修改該軟件。
為了保護(hù)每一位作者和開發(fā)者,GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議指明一點(diǎn):自由軟件并沒有品質(zhì)擔(dān)保。為用戶和作者雙方著想,GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議要求修改版必須有標(biāo)記,以免其問題被錯(cuò)誤地歸到先前版本的作者身上。
某些設(shè)備設(shè)計(jì)成拒絕用戶安裝運(yùn)行修改過的軟件,但廠商不受限。這和我們保護(hù)用戶享有修改軟件的自由的宗旨存在根本性矛盾。該濫用協(xié)議的模式出現(xiàn)于個(gè)人用品領(lǐng)域,這恰是最不可接受的。因此,我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)了這版GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議來(lái)禁止這類產(chǎn)品。如果此類問題在其他領(lǐng)域涌現(xiàn),我們時(shí)刻準(zhǔn)備著在將來(lái)的版本中把規(guī)定擴(kuò)展到相應(yīng)領(lǐng)域,以保護(hù)用戶的自由。
最后,每個(gè)程序都持續(xù)受到軟件專利的威脅。政府不應(yīng)該允許專利限制通用計(jì)算機(jī)軟件的開發(fā)和應(yīng)用,在做不到這點(diǎn)時(shí),我們希望避免專利應(yīng)用有效地使自由軟件私有化的危險(xiǎn)。就此,GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議保證專利不能使程序非自由化。
下文是關(guān)于復(fù)制、分發(fā)和修改的嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)描述和實(shí)施條件。
關(guān)于復(fù)制、分發(fā)和修改的術(shù)語(yǔ)和條件
〇、定義
“本協(xié)議”指GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議第三版。
“版權(quán)”也指適用于諸如半導(dǎo)體掩模的其他類型作品的類似法律。
“本程序”指任何在本協(xié)議保護(hù)下的有版權(quán)的作品。每個(gè)許可獲得者稱作“你”?!霸S可獲得者”和“接收者”可以是個(gè)人或組織。
“修改”一個(gè)作品指需要版權(quán)許可的復(fù)制及對(duì)作品全面的或部分的改編行為,有別于制作副本。所產(chǎn)生的作品稱作前作的“修改版”,或“基于”前作的作品。
“受保護(hù)作品”指程序或其派生作品。
“傳播”作品指那些未經(jīng)許可就會(huì)在適用版權(quán)法律下構(gòu)成直接或間接侵權(quán)的行為,不包括在計(jì)算機(jī)上運(yùn)行和私下的修改。傳播包括復(fù)制、分發(fā)(無(wú)論修改與否)、向公眾公開,以及在某些國(guó)家的其他行為。
“轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)”作品指讓他方能夠制作或者接收副本的行為。僅僅通過計(jì)算機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)和用戶交互,沒有傳輸副本,則不算轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。
一個(gè)顯示“適當(dāng)?shù)姆陕暶鳌钡慕换ナ接脩艚缑鎽?yīng)包括一個(gè)便捷而醒目的可視化特性:(1)顯示適當(dāng)?shù)陌鏅?quán)聲明;(2)告知用戶沒有品質(zhì)擔(dān)保(提供了品質(zhì)擔(dān)保的情況除外),許可獲得者可以在本協(xié)議約束下轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)該作品,及查看本協(xié)議副本的途徑。如果該界面提供一個(gè)命令列表,如菜單,其表項(xiàng)應(yīng)符合上述規(guī)范。
一、源碼
作品的源碼指其可修改的首選形式,目標(biāo)碼指所有其他形式。
“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)接口”指標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化組織定義的官方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中的接口,或針為某種編程語(yǔ)言設(shè)定的接口中為開發(fā)者廣泛使用的接口。
可執(zhí)行作品中的“系統(tǒng)庫(kù)”不是指整個(gè)程序,而是涵蓋此等內(nèi)容:(a)以通常形式和主部件打包到一起卻并非后者一部分,且(b)僅為和主部件一起使作品可用或?qū)崿F(xiàn)某些已有公開實(shí)現(xiàn)源碼的接口?!爸鞑考痹谶@里指可執(zhí)行作品運(yùn)行依賴的操作系統(tǒng)(如果存在)的必要部件(內(nèi)核、窗口系統(tǒng)等),生成該作品的編譯器,或運(yùn)行所需的目標(biāo)碼解釋器。
目標(biāo)碼形式的作品中“相應(yīng)的源碼”指所有修改作品及生成、安裝、運(yùn)行(對(duì)可執(zhí)行作品而言)目標(biāo)碼所需的源碼,包括控制上述行為的腳本??墒牵渲胁话ㄏ到y(tǒng)庫(kù)、通用工具、未修改直接用于支持上述行為卻不是該作品一部分的通??傻玫淖杂绍浖@?,相應(yīng)的源碼包含配合作品源文件的接口定義,以及共享庫(kù)和作品專門依賴的動(dòng)態(tài)鏈接子程序的源碼。這里的依賴體現(xiàn)為頻密的數(shù)據(jù)交換或者該子程序和作品其他部分的控制流切換。
相應(yīng)的源碼不必包含那些用戶可以通過源碼其他部分自動(dòng)生成的內(nèi)容。
源碼形式作品的相應(yīng)源碼即其本身。
二、基本許可
本協(xié)議的一切授權(quán)都是對(duì)本程序的版權(quán)而言的,并且在所述條件都滿足時(shí)不可撤銷。本協(xié)議明確批準(zhǔn)你不受限制地運(yùn)行本程序的未修改版本。受保護(hù)作品的運(yùn)行輸出,僅當(dāng)其內(nèi)容構(gòu)成一個(gè)受保護(hù)作品時(shí),才會(huì)為本協(xié)議所約束。如版權(quán)法所賦予,本協(xié)議承認(rèn)你正當(dāng)使用或與之等價(jià)的權(quán)利。
只要你獲得的許可仍有效,你可以制作、運(yùn)行和傳播那些你并不轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的受保護(hù)作品。只要你遵守本協(xié)議中關(guān)于轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)你不占有版權(quán)的材料的條款,你可以向他人轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),僅僅以求對(duì)方為你做定制或向你提供運(yùn)行這些作品的工具。那些為你制作或運(yùn)行這些受保護(hù)作品的人,應(yīng)該在你的指引和控制下,謹(jǐn)代表你工作,即禁止他們?cè)陔p方關(guān)系之外制作任何你提供的受版權(quán)保護(hù)材料的副本。
僅當(dāng)滿足后文所述條件時(shí),其他各種情況下的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)才是允許的。不允許再授權(quán)行為,而第十條的存在使再授權(quán)變得沒有必要。
三、保護(hù)用戶的合法權(quán)益免受反破解法限制
在任何滿足1996年12月20日通過的WIPO版權(quán)條約第11章要求的法律,或類似的禁止或限制技術(shù)手段破解的法律下,受保護(hù)作品不應(yīng)該視為有效技術(shù)手段的一部分。
當(dāng)你轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)一個(gè)受保護(hù)作品時(shí),你將失去任何通過法律途徑限制技術(shù)手段破解的權(quán)力,乃至于通過行使本協(xié)議所予權(quán)利實(shí)現(xiàn)的破解。你即已表明無(wú)心通過限制用戶操作或修改受保護(hù)作品來(lái)確保你或第三方關(guān)于禁止技術(shù)手段破解的法定權(quán)利。
四、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)完整副本
你可以通過任何媒介發(fā)布你接收到的本程序的完整源碼副本,但要做到:為每一個(gè)副本醒目而恰當(dāng)?shù)匕l(fā)布版權(quán);完整地保留關(guān)于本協(xié)議及按第七條加入的非許可性條款;完整地保留免責(zé)聲明;給接收者附上一份本協(xié)議的副本。
你可以免費(fèi)或收費(fèi)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),也可以選擇提供技術(shù)支持或品質(zhì)擔(dān)保以換取收入。
五、轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)修改過的源碼版本
你可以以源碼形式轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)基于本程序的作品或修改的內(nèi)容,除滿足第四條外還需要滿足以下幾點(diǎn)要求:
a)該作品必須帶有醒目的修改聲明及相應(yīng)的日期。
b)該作品必須帶有醒目的聲明,指出其在本協(xié)議及任何符合第七條的附加條件下發(fā)布。這個(gè)要求修正了第四條關(guān)于“完整保留”的內(nèi)容。
c)你必須按照本協(xié)議將該作品整體向想要獲得許可的人授權(quán),本協(xié)議及符合第七條的附加條款就此適用于整個(gè)作品,即其每一部分,不管如何建包。本協(xié)議不允許以其他形式授權(quán)該作品,但如果你收到別的許可則另當(dāng)別論。
d)如果該作品有交互式用戶界面,則其必須顯示適當(dāng)?shù)姆陕暶鳌H欢?,?dāng)本程序有交互式用戶界面卻不顯示適當(dāng)?shù)姆陕暶鲿r(shí),你的作品也不必。
一個(gè)在存儲(chǔ)或分發(fā)媒介上的受保護(hù)作品和其他分離的單體作品的聯(lián)合作品,在既不是該受保護(hù)作品的自然擴(kuò)展,也不以構(gòu)筑更大的程序?yàn)槟康模⑶易陨砑捌洚a(chǎn)生的版權(quán)并非用于限制單體作品給予聯(lián)合作品用戶的訪問及其他合法權(quán)利時(shí),稱為“聚合體”。在聚合作品中包含受保護(hù)作品并不會(huì)使本協(xié)議影響聚合作品的其他部分。
六、以非源碼形式轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)
你可以如第四條和第五條所述那樣以目標(biāo)碼形式轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)受保護(hù)作品,同時(shí)在本協(xié)議規(guī)范下以如下方式之一轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)機(jī)器可讀的對(duì)應(yīng)源碼:
a)目標(biāo)碼通過實(shí)體產(chǎn)品(涵蓋某種實(shí)體分發(fā)媒介)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時(shí),通過常用于軟件交換的耐用型實(shí)體媒介隨同轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)相應(yīng)的源碼。
b)目標(biāo)碼通過實(shí)體產(chǎn)品(涵蓋某種實(shí)體分發(fā)媒介)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)時(shí),伴以具有至少三年且與售后服務(wù)等長(zhǎng)有效期的書面承諾,給予目標(biāo)碼的持有者:(1)包含產(chǎn)品全部軟件的相應(yīng)源碼的常用于軟件交換的耐用型實(shí)體媒介,且收費(fèi)不超過其合理的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)成本;或者(2)通過網(wǎng)絡(luò)免費(fèi)獲得相應(yīng)源碼的途徑。
c)單獨(dú)轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)目標(biāo)碼時(shí),伴以提供源碼的書面承諾。本選項(xiàng)僅在你收到目標(biāo)碼及b項(xiàng)形式的承諾的情況下可選。
d)通過在指定地點(diǎn)提供目標(biāo)碼獲取服務(wù)(無(wú)論是否收費(fèi))的形式轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)目標(biāo)碼時(shí),在同一地點(diǎn)以同樣的方式提供對(duì)等的源碼獲取服務(wù),并不得額外收費(fèi)。你不以要求接收者在復(fù)制目標(biāo)碼的同時(shí)復(fù)制源碼。如果提供目標(biāo)碼復(fù)制的地點(diǎn)為網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)器,相應(yīng)的源碼可以提供在另一個(gè)支持相同復(fù)制功能的服務(wù)器上(由你或者第三方運(yùn)營(yíng)),不過你要在目標(biāo)碼處指出相應(yīng)源碼的確切路徑。不管你用什么源碼服務(wù)器,你有義務(wù)要確保持續(xù)可用以滿足這些要求。
e)通過點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)傳輸轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)目標(biāo)碼時(shí),告知其他節(jié)點(diǎn)目標(biāo)碼和源碼在何處以d項(xiàng)形式向大眾免費(fèi)提供。
“面向用戶的產(chǎn)品”指(1)“消費(fèi)品”,即個(gè)人、家庭或日常用途的個(gè)人有形財(cái)產(chǎn);或者(2)面向社會(huì)團(tuán)體設(shè)計(jì)或銷售,卻落入居家之物。在判斷一款產(chǎn)品是否消費(fèi)品時(shí),爭(zhēng)議案例的判斷將向利于擴(kuò)大保護(hù)靠攏。就特定用戶接收到特定產(chǎn)品而言,“正常使用”指對(duì)此類產(chǎn)品的典型或一般使用,不管該用戶的身份,該用戶對(duì)該產(chǎn)品的實(shí)際用法,以及該產(chǎn)品的預(yù)期用法。無(wú)論產(chǎn)品是否實(shí)質(zhì)上具有商業(yè)上的,工業(yè)上的,及非面向消費(fèi)者的用法,它都視為消費(fèi)品,除非以上用法代表了它唯一的重要使用模式。
“安裝信息”對(duì)面向用戶的產(chǎn)品而言,指基于修改過的源碼安裝運(yùn)行該產(chǎn)品中的受保護(hù)作品的修改版所需的方法、流程、認(rèn)證碼及其他信息。這些信息必須足以保證修改過的目標(biāo)碼不會(huì)僅僅因?yàn)楸恍薷倪^而不能繼續(xù)工作。
如果你根據(jù)本條在,或隨,或針對(duì)一款面向用戶的產(chǎn)品,以目標(biāo)碼形式轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)某作品,且轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)體現(xiàn)于該產(chǎn)品的所有權(quán)和使用權(quán)永久或者在一定時(shí)期內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)讓予接收者的過程(無(wú)論其有何特點(diǎn)),根據(jù)本條進(jìn)行的源碼轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)必須伴有安裝信息。不過,如果你和第三方都沒有保留在該產(chǎn)品上安裝修改后的目標(biāo)碼的能力(如作品安裝在ROM上),這項(xiàng)要求不成立。
要求提供安裝信息并不要求為修改或安裝的作品,以及其載體產(chǎn)品繼續(xù)提供技術(shù)支持、品質(zhì)擔(dān)保和升級(jí)。當(dāng)修改本身對(duì)網(wǎng)絡(luò)運(yùn)行有實(shí)質(zhì)上的負(fù)面影響,或違背了網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議和規(guī)則時(shí),可以拒絕其聯(lián)網(wǎng)。
根據(jù)本條發(fā)布的源碼及安裝信息,必須以公共的文件格式(并且存在可用的空開源碼的處理工具)存在,同時(shí)不得對(duì)解壓、閱讀和復(fù)制設(shè)置任何密碼。
七、附加條款
“附加許可”用于補(bǔ)充本協(xié)議,以允許一些例外情況。合乎適用法律的對(duì)整個(gè)程序適用的附加許可,應(yīng)該被視為本協(xié)議的內(nèi)容。如果附加許可作用于程序的某部分,則該部分受此附加許可約束,而其他部分不受其影響。
當(dāng)你轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)本程序時(shí),你可以選擇性刪除副本或其部分的附加條款。(附加條款可以寫明在某些情況下要求你修改時(shí)刪除該條款。)在你擁有或可授予恰當(dāng)版權(quán)許可的受保護(hù)作品中,你可以在你添加的材料上附加許可。
盡管已存在本協(xié)議的其他條款,對(duì)你添加到受保護(hù)作品的材料,你可以(如果你獲得該材料版權(quán)持有人的授權(quán))以如下條款補(bǔ)充本協(xié)議:
a)表示不提供品質(zhì)擔(dān)?;蛴谐鍪濉⑹鶙l的責(zé)任。
b)要求在此材料中或在適當(dāng)?shù)姆陕暶髦斜A籼囟ǖ暮侠矸陕暶骰騽?chuàng)作印記。
c)禁止誤傳材料的起源,或要求合理標(biāo)示修改以別于原版。
d)限制以宣傳為目的使用該材料的作者或授權(quán)人的名號(hào)。
e)降低約束以便賦予在商標(biāo)法下使用商品名、商品標(biāo)識(shí)及服務(wù)標(biāo)識(shí)。
f)要求任何轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)該材料(或其修改版)并對(duì)接收者提供契約性責(zé)任許諾的人,保證這種許諾不會(huì)給作者或授權(quán)人帶來(lái)連帶責(zé)任。
此外的非許可性附加條款都被視作第十條所說(shuō)的“進(jìn)一步的限制”。如果你接收到的程序或其部分,聲稱受本協(xié)議約束,卻補(bǔ)充了這種進(jìn)一步的限制條款,你可以去掉它們。如果某許可協(xié)議包含進(jìn)一步的限制條款,但允許通過本協(xié)議再授權(quán)或轉(zhuǎn)發(fā),你可以通過本協(xié)議再授權(quán)或轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)加入了受前協(xié)議管理的材料,不過要同時(shí)移除上述條款。
如果你根據(jù)本條向受保護(hù)作品添加了調(diào)控,你必須在相關(guān)的源文件中加入對(duì)應(yīng)的聲明,或者指出哪里可以找到它們。
附加條款,不管是許可性的還是非許可性的,可以以獨(dú)立的書面協(xié)議出現(xiàn),也可以聲明為例外情況,兩種做法都可以實(shí)現(xiàn)上述要求。
八、終止授權(quán)
除非在本協(xié)議明確授權(quán)下,你不得傳播或修改受保護(hù)作品。其他任何傳播或修改受保護(hù)作品的企圖都是無(wú)效的,并將自動(dòng)中止你通過本協(xié)議獲得的權(quán)利(包括第十一條第3段中提到的專利授權(quán))。
然而,當(dāng)你不再違反本協(xié)議時(shí),你從特定版權(quán)持有人處獲得的授權(quán)恢復(fù):(1)暫時(shí)恢復(fù),直到版權(quán)持有人明確終止;(2)永久恢復(fù),如果版權(quán)持有人沒能在60天內(nèi)以合理的方式指出你的侵權(quán)行為。
再者,如果你第一次收到了特定版權(quán)持有人關(guān)于你違反本協(xié)議(對(duì)任意作品)的通告,且在收到通告后30天內(nèi)改正,那你可以繼續(xù)享此有授權(quán)。
當(dāng)你享有的權(quán)利如本條所述被中止時(shí),已經(jīng)從你那根據(jù)本協(xié)議獲得授權(quán)的他方的權(quán)利不會(huì)因此中止。在你的權(quán)利恢復(fù)之前,你沒有資格憑第十條獲得同一材料的授權(quán)。
九、持有副本無(wú)需接受協(xié)議
你不必為接收或運(yùn)行本程序而接受本協(xié)議。類似的,僅僅因點(diǎn)對(duì)點(diǎn)傳輸接收到副本引發(fā)的對(duì)受保護(hù)作品的輔助性傳播,并不要求接受本協(xié)議。但是,除本協(xié)議外沒有什么可以授權(quán)你傳播或修改任何受保護(hù)作品。如果你不接受本協(xié)議,這些行為就侵犯了版權(quán)。因此,一旦修改和傳播一個(gè)受保護(hù)作品,就表明你接受本協(xié)議。
十、對(duì)下游接收者的自動(dòng)授權(quán)
每當(dāng)你轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)一個(gè)受保護(hù)作品,其接收者自動(dòng)獲得來(lái)自初始授權(quán)人的授權(quán),依照本協(xié)議可以運(yùn)行、修改和傳播此作。你沒有要求第三方遵守該協(xié)議的義務(wù)。
“實(shí)體事務(wù)”指轉(zhuǎn)移一個(gè)組織的控制權(quán)或全部資產(chǎn)、或拆分或合并組織的事務(wù)。如果實(shí)體事務(wù)導(dǎo)致一個(gè)受保護(hù)作品的傳播,則事務(wù)中各收到作品副本方,都有獲得前利益相關(guān)者享有或可以如前段所述提供的對(duì)該作品的任何授權(quán),以及從前利益相關(guān)者處獲得并擁有相應(yīng)的源碼的權(quán)利,如果前利益相關(guān)者享有或可以通過合理的努力獲得此源碼。
你不可以對(duì)本協(xié)議所授權(quán)利的行使施以進(jìn)一步的限制。例如,你不可以索要授權(quán)費(fèi)或版稅,或就行使本協(xié)議所授權(quán)利征收其他費(fèi)用;你也不能發(fā)起訴訟(包括交互訴訟和反訴),宣稱制作、使用、零售、批發(fā)、引進(jìn)本程序或其部分的行為侵犯了任何專利。
十一、專利
“貢獻(xiàn)人”指通過本協(xié)議對(duì)本程序或其派生作品進(jìn)行使用認(rèn)證的版權(quán)持有人。授權(quán)作品成為貢獻(xiàn)人的“貢獻(xiàn)者版”。
貢獻(xiàn)人的“實(shí)質(zhì)專利權(quán)限”指其擁有或掌控的,無(wú)論是已獲得的還是將獲得的全部專利權(quán)限中,可能被通過某種本協(xié)議允許的方式制作、使用或銷售其貢獻(xiàn)者版作品的行為侵犯的部分,不包括僅有修改其貢獻(xiàn)者版作品才構(gòu)成侵犯的部分。“掌控”所指包括享有和本協(xié)議相一致的專利再授權(quán)的權(quán)利。
每位貢獻(xiàn)人皆其就實(shí)質(zhì)專利權(quán)限,授予你一份全球有效的免版稅的非獨(dú)占專利許可,以制作、使用、零售、批發(fā)、引進(jìn),及運(yùn)行、修改、傳播其貢獻(xiàn)者版的內(nèi)容。
在以下三段中,“專利許可”指通過任何方式明確表達(dá)的不行使專利權(quán)(如對(duì)使用專利的明確許可和不起訴專利侵權(quán)的契約)的協(xié)議或承諾。對(duì)某方“授予”專利許可,指這種不對(duì)其行使專利權(quán)的協(xié)議或承諾。
如果你轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的受保護(hù)作品已知依賴于某專利,而其相應(yīng)的源碼并不是任何人都能根據(jù)本協(xié)議從網(wǎng)上或其他地方免費(fèi)獲得,那你必須(1)以上述方式提供相應(yīng)的源碼;或者(2)放棄從該程序的專利許可中獲得利益;或者(3)以某種和本協(xié)議相一致的方式將專利許可擴(kuò)展到下游接收者?!耙阎蕾囉凇敝改銓?shí)際上知道若沒有專利許可,你在某國(guó)家轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)受保護(hù)作品的行為,或者接收者在某國(guó)家使用受保護(hù)作品的行為,會(huì)侵犯一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)該國(guó)認(rèn)定的專利,而這些專利你有理由相信它們的有效性。
如果根據(jù)一項(xiàng)事務(wù)或安排,抑或與之相關(guān),你轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)某受保護(hù)作品,或通過促成其轉(zhuǎn)手以實(shí)現(xiàn)傳播,并且該作品的接收方授予專利許可,以使指可以使用、傳播、修改或轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)該作品的特定副本,則此等專利許可將自動(dòng)延伸及每一個(gè)收到該作品或其派生作品的人。
如果某專利在其涵蓋范圍內(nèi),不包含本協(xié)議專門賦予的一項(xiàng)或多項(xiàng)權(quán)利,禁止行使它們或以不行使它們?yōu)榍疤?,則該專利是“歧視性”的。如果你和軟件發(fā)布行業(yè)的第三方有合作,合作要求你就轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)受保護(hù)作品的情況向其付費(fèi),并授予作品接收方歧視性專利,而且該專利(a)與你轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)的副本(或在此基礎(chǔ)上制作的副本)有關(guān),或針對(duì)包含該受保護(hù)作品的產(chǎn)品或聯(lián)合作品,你不得轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)本程序,除非參加此項(xiàng)合作或取得該專利早于2007年3月28日。
本協(xié)議的任何部分不應(yīng)被解釋成在排斥或限制任何暗含的授權(quán),或者其他在適用法律下對(duì)抗侵權(quán)的措施。
十二、不得犧牲他人的自由
即便你面臨與本協(xié)議條款沖突的條件(來(lái)自于法庭要求、協(xié)議或其他),那也不能成為你違背本協(xié)議的理由。倘若你不能在轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)受保護(hù)作品時(shí)同時(shí)滿足本協(xié)議和其他文件的要求,你就不能轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)本程序。例如,當(dāng)你同意了某些要求你就再轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)問題向你的轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)對(duì)象收取版稅的條款時(shí),唯一能同時(shí)滿足它和本協(xié)議要求的做法便是不轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)本程序。
十三、和GNU Affero通用公共許可協(xié)議一起使用
盡管已存在本協(xié)議的一些條款,你可以將任何受保護(hù)作品與以GNU Affero通用公共許可協(xié)議管理的作品關(guān)聯(lián)或組合成一個(gè)聯(lián)合作品,并轉(zhuǎn)發(fā)。本協(xié)議對(duì)其中的受保護(hù)作品部分仍然有效,但GNU Affero通用公共許可協(xié)議第十三條的關(guān)于網(wǎng)絡(luò)交互的特別要求適用于整個(gè)聯(lián)合作品。
十四、本協(xié)議的修訂版
自由軟件聯(lián)盟可能會(huì)不定時(shí)發(fā)布GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議的修訂版或新版。新版將秉承當(dāng)前版本的精神,但對(duì)問題或事項(xiàng)的描述細(xì)節(jié)不盡相同。
每一版都會(huì)有不同的版本號(hào),如果本程序指定其使用的GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議的版本“或任何更新的版本”,你可以選擇遵守該版本或者任何更新的版本的條款。如果本程序沒有指定協(xié)議版本,你可以選用自由軟件聯(lián)盟發(fā)布的任意版本的GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議。
如果本程序指定代理來(lái)決定將來(lái)那個(gè)GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議版本適用,則該代理的公開聲明將指導(dǎo)你選擇協(xié)議版本。
新的版本可能會(huì)給予你額外或不同的許可。但是,任何作者或版權(quán)持有人的義務(wù),不會(huì)因?yàn)槟氵x擇新的版本而增加。
十五、不提供品質(zhì)擔(dān)保
本程序在適用法律范圍內(nèi)不提供品質(zhì)擔(dān)保。除非另作書面聲明,版權(quán)持有人及其他程序提供者“概”不提供任何顯式或隱式的品質(zhì)擔(dān)保,品質(zhì)擔(dān)保所指包括而不僅限于有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和適合特定用途的保證。全部風(fēng)險(xiǎn),如程序的質(zhì)量和性能問題,皆由你承擔(dān)。若程序出現(xiàn)缺陷,你將承擔(dān)所有必要的修復(fù)和更正服務(wù)的費(fèi)用。
十六、責(zé)任范圍
除非適用法律或書面協(xié)議要求,任何版權(quán)持有人或本程序按本協(xié)議可能存在的第三方修改和再發(fā)布者,都不對(duì)你的損失負(fù)有責(zé)任,包括由于使用或者不能使用本程序造成的任何一般的、特殊的、偶發(fā)的或重大的損失(包括而不僅限于數(shù)據(jù)丟失、數(shù)據(jù)失真、你或第三方的后續(xù)損失、其他程序無(wú)法與本程序協(xié)同運(yùn)作),即使那些人聲稱會(huì)對(duì)此負(fù)責(zé)。
十七、第十五條和第十六條的解釋
如果上述免責(zé)聲明和責(zé)任范圍聲明不為地方法律所支持,上訴法庭應(yīng)采用與之最接近的關(guān)于放棄本程序相關(guān)民事責(zé)任的地方法律,除非本程序附帶收費(fèi)的品質(zhì)擔(dān)?;蜇?zé)任許諾。
附錄:如何將上述條款應(yīng)用到你的新程序
如果你開發(fā)了一個(gè)新程序,并希望它能最大限度地為公眾所使用,最好的辦法是將其作為自由軟件,以使每個(gè)人都能在本協(xié)議約束下對(duì)其再發(fā)布及修改。
為此,請(qǐng)?jiān)诟缴弦韵侣暶?。最安全的做法是將其附在每份源碼的開頭,以便于最有效地傳遞免責(zé)信息。同時(shí),每個(gè)文件至少包含一處“版權(quán)”聲明和一個(gè)協(xié)議全文的鏈接。
<用一行來(lái)標(biāo)明程序名及其作用>
版權(quán)所有(C)<年份> <作者姓名>
本程序?yàn)樽杂绍浖?,在自由軟件?lián)盟發(fā)布的GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議的約束下,你可以對(duì)其進(jìn)行再發(fā)布及修改。協(xié)議版本為第三版或(隨你)更新的版本。
我們希望發(fā)布的這款程序有用,但不保證,甚至不保證它有經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值和適合特定用途。詳情參見GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議。
你理當(dāng)已收到一份GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議的副本,如果沒有,請(qǐng)查閱<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>
同時(shí)提供你的電子郵件地址或傳統(tǒng)的郵件聯(lián)系方式。
如果該程序是交互式的,讓它在交互模式下輸出類似下面的一段聲明:
<程序名> 第69版,版權(quán)所有(C)<年份> <作者姓名>
本程序從未提供品質(zhì)擔(dān)保,輸入’show w’可查看詳情。這是款自由軟件,歡迎你在滿足一定條件后對(duì)其再發(fā)布,輸入’show c’可查看詳情。
例子中的命令’show w’和’show c’應(yīng)用于顯示GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議相應(yīng)的部分。當(dāng)然你也可以因地制宜地選用別的方式,對(duì)圖形界面程序可以用“關(guān)于”菜單。
如果你之上存在雇主(你是碼農(nóng))或校方,你還應(yīng)當(dāng)讓他們?cè)诒匾獣r(shí)為此程序簽署放棄版權(quán)聲明。詳情參見<http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>。
本GNU通用公共許可協(xié)議不允許把你的程序并入私有程序。如果你的程序是某種庫(kù),且你想允許它被私有程序鏈接而使之更有用,請(qǐng)使用GNU較寬松通用公共許可協(xié)議。決定前請(qǐng)先查閱<http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/why-not-lgpl.html>。
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
Preamble
The GNU General Public License is a free, copyleft license for software and other kinds of works.
The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change all versions of a program–to make sure it remains free software for all its users. We, the Free Software Foundation, use the GNU General Public License for most of our software; it applies also to any other work released this way by its authors. You can apply it to your programs, too.
When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs, and that you know you can do these things.
To protect your rights, we need to prevent others from denying you these rights or asking you to surrender the rights. Therefore, you have certain responsibilities if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it: responsibilities to respect the freedom of others.
For example, if you distribute copies of such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must pass on to the recipients the same freedoms that you received. You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code. And you must show them these terms so they know their rights.
Developers that use the GNU GPL protect your rights with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer you this License giving you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify it.
For the developers’ and authors’ protection, the GPL clearly explains that there is no warranty for this free software. For both users’ and authors’ sake, the GPL requires that modified versions be marked as changed, so that their problems will not be attributed erroneously to authors of previous versions.
Some devices are designed to deny users access to install or run modified versions of the software inside them, although the manufacturer can do so. This is fundamentally incompatible with the aim of protecting users’ freedom to change the software. The systematic pattern of such abuse occurs in the area of products for individuals to use, which is precisely where it is most unacceptable. Therefore, we have designed this version of the GPL to prohibit the practice for those products. If such problems arise substantially in other domains, we stand ready to extend this provision to those domains in future versions of the GPL, as needed to protect the freedom of users.
Finally, every program is threatened constantly by software patents. States should not allow patents to restrict development and use of software on general-purpose computers, but in those that do, we wish to avoid the special danger that patents applied to a free program could make it effectively proprietary. To prevent this, the GPL assures that patents cannot be used to render the program non-free.
The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.
TERMS AND CONDITIONS
0. Definitions.
“This License” refers to version 3 of the GNU General Public License.
“Copyright” also means copyright-like laws that apply to other kinds of works, such as semiconductor masks.
“The Program” refers to any copyrightable work licensed under this License. Each licensee is addressed as “you”. “Licensees” and “recipients” may be individuals or organizations.
To “modify” a work means to copy from or adapt all or part of the work in a fashion requiring copyright permission, other than the making of an exact copy. The resulting work is called a “modified version” of the earlier work or a work “based on” the earlier work.
A “covered work” means either the unmodified Program or a work based on the Program.
To “propagate” a work means to do anything with it that, without permission, would make you directly or secondarily liable for infringement under applicable copyright law, except executing it on a computer or modifying a private copy. Propagation includes copying, distribution (with or without modification), making available to the public, and in some countries other activities as well.
To “convey” a work means any kind of propagation that enables other parties to make or receive copies. Mere interaction with a user through a computer network, with no transfer of a copy, is not conveying.
An interactive user interface displays “Appropriate Legal Notices” to the extent that it includes a convenient and prominently visible feature that (1) displays an appropriate copyright notice, and (2) tells the user that there is no warranty for the work (except to the extent that warranties are provided), that licensees may convey the work under this License, and how to view a copy of this License. If the interface presents a list of user commands or options, such as a menu, a prominent item in the list meets this criterion.
1. Source Code.
The “source code” for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it. “Object code” means any non-source form of a work.
A “Standard Interface” means an interface that either is an official standard defined by a recognized standards body, or, in the case of interfaces specified for a particular programming language, one that is widely used among developers working in that language.
The “System Libraries” of an executable work include anything, other than the work as a whole, that (a) is included in the normal form of packaging a Major Component, but which is not part of that Major Component, and (b) serves only to enable use of the work with that Major Component, or to implement a Standard Interface for which an implementation is available to the public in source code form. A “Major Component”, in this context, means a major essential component (kernel, window system, and so on) of the specific operating system (if any) on which the executable work runs, or a compiler used to produce the work, or an object code interpreter used to run it.
The “Corresponding Source” for a work in object code form means all the source code needed to generate, install, and (for an executable work) run the object code and to modify the work, including scripts to control those activities. However, it does not include the work’s System Libraries, or general-purpose tools or generally available free programs which are used unmodified in performing those activities but which are not part of the work. For example, Corresponding Source includes interface definition files associated with source files for the work, and the source code for shared libraries and dynamically linked subprograms that the work is specifically designed to require, such as by intimate data communication or control flow between those subprograms and other parts of the work.
The Corresponding Source need not include anything that users can regenerate automatically from other parts of the Corresponding Source.
The Corresponding Source for a work in source code form is that same work.
2. Basic Permissions.
All rights granted under this License are granted for the term of copyright on the Program, and are irrevocable provided the stated conditions are met. This License explicitly affirms your unlimited permission to run the unmodified Program. The output from running a covered work is covered by this License only if the output, given its content, constitutes a covered work. This License acknowledges your rights of fair use or other equivalent, as provided by copyright law.
You may make, run and propagate covered works that you do not convey, without conditions so long as your license otherwise remains in force. You may convey covered works to others for the sole purpose of having them make modifications exclusively for you, or provide you with facilities for running those works, provided that you comply with the terms of this License in conveying all material for which you do not control copyright. Those thus making or running the covered works for you must do so exclusively on your behalf, under your direction and control, on terms that prohibit them from making any copies of your copyrighted material outside their relationship with you.
Conveying under any other circumstances is permitted solely under the conditions stated below. Sublicensing is not allowed; section 10 makes it unnecessary.
3. Protecting Users’ Legal Rights From Anti-Circumvention Law.
No covered work shall be deemed part of an effective technological measure under any applicable law fulfilling obligations under article 11 of the WIPO copyright treaty adopted on 20 December 1996, or similar laws prohibiting or restricting circumvention of such measures.
When you convey a covered work, you waive any legal power to forbid circumvention of technological measures to the extent such circumvention is effected by exercising rights under this License with respect to the covered work, and you disclaim any intention to limit operation or modification of the work as a means of enforcing, against the work’s users, your or third parties’ legal rights to forbid circumvention of technological measures.
4. Conveying Verbatim Copies.
You may convey verbatim copies of the Program’s source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice; keep intact all notices stating that this License and any non-permissive terms added in accord with section 7 apply to the code; keep intact all notices of the absence of any warranty; and give all recipients a copy of this License along with the Program.
You may charge any price or no price for each copy that you convey, and you may offer support or warranty protection for a fee.
5. Conveying Modified Source Versions.
You may convey a work based on the Program, or the modifications to produce it from the Program, in the form of source code under the terms of section 4, provided that you also meet all of these conditions:
a) The work must carry prominent notices stating that you modified it, and giving a relevant date.
b) The work must carry prominent notices stating that it is released under this License and any conditions added under section 7. This requirement modifies the requirement in section 4 to “keep intact all notices”.
c) You must license the entire work, as a whole, under this License to anyone who comes into possession of a copy. This License will therefore apply, along with any applicable section 7 additional terms, to the whole of the work, and all its parts, regardless of how they are packaged. This License gives no permission to license the work in any other way, but it does not invalidate such permission if you have separately received it.
d) If the work has interactive user interfaces, each must display Appropriate Legal Notices; however, if the Program has interactive interfaces that do not display Appropriate Legal Notices, your work need not make them do so.
A compilation of a covered work with other separate and independent works, which are not by their nature extensions of the covered work, and which are not combined with it such as to form a larger program, in or on a volume of a storage or distribution medium, is called an “aggregate” if the compilation and its resulting copyright are not used to limit the access or legal rights of the compilation’s users beyond what the individual works permit. Inclusion of a covered work in an aggregate does not cause this License to apply to the other parts of the aggregate.
6. Conveying Non-Source Forms.
You may convey a covered work in object code form under the terms of sections 4 and 5, provided that you also convey the machine-readable Corresponding Source under the terms of this License, in one of these ways:
a) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by the Corresponding Source fixed on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange.
b) Convey the object code in, or embodied in, a physical product (including a physical distribution medium), accompanied by a written offer, valid for at least three years and valid for as long as you offer spare parts or customer support for that product model, to give anyone who possesses the object code either (1) a copy of the Corresponding Source for all the software in the product that is covered by this License, on a durable physical medium customarily used for software interchange, for a price no more than your reasonable cost of physically performing this conveying of source, or (2) access to copy the Corresponding Source from a network server at no charge.
c) Convey individual copies of the object code with a copy of the written offer to provide the Corresponding Source. This alternative is allowed only occasionally and noncommercially, and only if you received the object code with such an offer, in accord with subsection 6b.
d) Convey the object code by offering access from a designated place (gratis or for a charge), and offer equivalent access to the Corresponding Source in the same way through the same place at no further charge. You need not require recipients to copy the Corresponding Source along with the object code. If the place to copy the object code is a network server, the Corresponding Source may be on a different server (operated by you or a third party) that supports equivalent copying facilities, provided you maintain clear directions next to the object code saying where to find the Corresponding Source. Regardless of what server hosts the Corresponding Source, you remain obligated to ensure that it is available for as long as needed to satisfy these requirements.
e) Convey the object code using peer-to-peer transmission, provided you inform other peers where the object code and Corresponding Source of the work are being offered to the general public at no charge under subsection 6d.
A separable portion of the object code, whose source code is excluded from the Corresponding Source as a System Library, need not be included in conveying the object code work.
A “User Product” is either (1) a “consumer product”, which means any tangible personal property which is normally used for personal, family, or household purposes, or (2) anything designed or sold for incorporation into a dwelling. In determining whether a product is a consumer product, doubtful cases shall be resolved in favor of coverage. For a particular product received by a particular user, “normally used” refers to a typical or common use of that class of product, regardless of the status of the particular user or of the way in which the particular user actually uses, or expects or is expected to use, the product. A product is a consumer product regardless of whether the product has substantial commercial, industrial or non-consumer uses, unless such uses represent the only significant mode of use of the product.
“Installation Information” for a User Product means any methods, procedures, authorization keys, or other information required to install and execute modified versions of a covered work in that User Product from a modified version of its Corresponding Source. The information must suffice to ensure that the continued functioning of the modified object code is in no case prevented or interfered with solely because modification has been made.
If you convey an object code work under this section in, or with, or specifically for use in, a User Product, and the conveying occurs as part of a transaction in which the right of possession and use of the User Product is transferred to the recipient in perpetuity or for a fixed term (regardless of how the transaction is characterized), the Corresponding Source conveyed under this section must be accompanied by the Installation Information. But this requirement does not apply if neither you nor any third party retains the ability to install modified object code on the User Product (for example, the work has been installed in ROM).
The requirement to provide Installation Information does not include a requirement to continue to provide support service, warranty, or updates for a work that has been modified or installed by the recipient, or for the User Product in which it has been modified or installed. Access to a network may be denied when the modification itself materially and adversely affects the operation of the network or violates the rules and protocols for communication across the network.
Corresponding Source conveyed, and Installation Information provided, in accord with this section must be in a format that is publicly documented (and with an implementation available to the public in source code form), and must require no special password or key for unpacking, reading or copying.
7. Additional Terms.
“Additional permissions” are terms that supplement the terms of this License by making exceptions from one or more of its conditions. Additional permissions that are applicable to the entire Program shall be treated as though they were included in this License, to the extent that they are valid under applicable law. If additional permissions apply only to part of the Program, that part may be used separately under those permissions, but the entire Program remains governed by this License without regard to the additional permissions.
When you convey a copy of a covered work, you may at your option remove any additional permissions from that copy, or from any part of it. (Additional permissions may be written to require their own removal in certain cases when you modify the work.) You may place additional permissions on material, added by you to a covered work, for which you have or can give appropriate copyright permission.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, for material you add to a covered work, you may (if authorized by the copyright holders of that material) supplement the terms of this License with terms:
a) Disclaiming warranty or limiting liability differently from the terms of sections 15 and 16 of this License; or
b) Requiring preservation of specified reasonable legal notices or author attributions in that material or in the Appropriate Legal Notices displayed by works containing it; or
c) Prohibiting misrepresentation of the origin of that material, or requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or authors of the material; or
e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of it) with contractual assumptions of liability to the recipient, for any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on those licensors and authors.
All other non-permissive additional terms are considered “further restrictions” within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is governed by this License along with a term that is a further restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms of that license document, provided that the further restriction does not survive such relicensing or conveying.
If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating where to find the applicable terms.
Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions; the above requirements apply either way.
8. Termination.
You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third paragraph of section 11).
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a) provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same material under section 10.
9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However, nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do not accept this License. Therefore, by modifying or propagating a covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensors, to run, modify and propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible for enforcing compliance by third parties with this License.
An “entity transaction” is a transaction transferring control of an organization, or substantially all assets of one, or subdividing an organization, or merging organizations. If propagation of a covered work results from an entity transaction, each party to that transaction who receives a copy of the work also receives whatever licenses to the work the party’s predecessor in interest had or could give under the previous paragraph, plus a right to possession of the Corresponding Source of the work from the predecessor in interest, if the predecessor has it or can get it with reasonable efforts.
You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the rights granted or affirmed under this License. For example, you may not impose a license fee, royalty, or other charge for exercise of rights granted under this License, and you may not initiate litigation (including a cross-claim or counterclaim in a lawsuit) alleging that any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
11. Patents.
A “contributor” is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The work thus licensed is called the contributor’s “contributor version”.
A contributor’s “essential patent claims” are all patent claims owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or hereafter acquired, that would be infringed by some manner, permitted by this License, of making, using, or selling its contributor version, but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a consequence of further modification of the contributor version. For purposes of this definition, “control” includes the right to grant patent sublicenses in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License.
Each contributor grants you a non-exclusive, worldwide, royalty-free patent license under the contributor’s essential patent claims, to make, use, sell, offer for sale, import and otherwise run, modify and propagate the contents of its contributor version.
In the following three paragraphs, a “patent license” is any express agreement or commitment, however denominated, not to enforce a patent (such as an express permission to practice a patent or covenant not to sue for patent infringement). To “grant” such a patent license to a party means to make such an agreement or commitment not to enforce a patent against the party.
If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license, and the Corresponding Source of the work is not available for anyone to copy, free of charge and under the terms of this License, through a publicly available network server or other readily accessible means, then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the patent license for this particular work, or (3) arrange, in a manner consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent license to downstream recipients. “Knowingly relying” means you have actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the covered work in a country, or your recipient’s use of the covered work in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that country that you have reason to believe are valid.
If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify or convey a specific copy of the covered work, then the patent license you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered work and works based on it.
A patent license is “discriminatory” if it does not include within the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered work if you are a party to an arrangement with a third party that is in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment to the third party based on the extent of your activity of conveying the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the parties who would receive the covered work from you, a discriminatory patent license (a) in connection with copies of the covered work conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily for and in connection with specific products or compilations that contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement, or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
12. No Surrender of Others’ Freedom.
If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
13. Use with the GNU Affero General Public License.
Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed under version 3 of the GNU Affero General Public License into a single combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work, but the special requirements of the GNU Affero General Public License, section 13, concerning interaction through a network will apply to the combination as such.
14. Revised Versions of this License.
The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the GNU General Public License from time to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.
Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU General Public License “or any later version” applies to it, you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the GNU General Public License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.
If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future versions of the GNU General Public License can be used, that proxy’s public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Program.
Later license versions may give you additional or different permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a later version.
15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM “AS IS” WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
16. Limitation of Liability.
IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms, reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a copy of the Program in return for a fee.
END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the “copyright” line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
? ? <one line to give the program’s name and a brief idea of what it does.>
? ? Copyright (C) <year>? <name of author>
? ? This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
? ? it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
? ? the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
? ? (at your option) any later version.
? ? This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
? ? but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
? ? MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.? See the
? ? GNU General Public License for more details.
? ? You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
? ? along with this program.? If not, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
If the program does terminal interaction, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:
? ? <program>? Copyright (C) <year>? <name of author>
? ? This program comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w’.
? ? This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it
? ? under certain conditions; type `show c’ for details.
The hypothetical commands `show w’ and `show c’ should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, your program’s commands might be different; for a GUI interface, you would use an “about box”.
You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school, if any, to sign a “copyright disclaimer” for the program, if necessary. For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU GPL, see <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.
The GNU General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Lesser General Public License instead of this License. But first, please read <https://www.gnu.org/licenses/why-not-lgpl.html>.